Sciatica Explained: How It Affects Your Back and Legs

What is Sciatica?

Sciatica is a type of pain that starts in the lower back and travels down one leg. Often, this pain is caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in your body. It runs from your lower back through your hips and down each leg. Because of this, sciatica can cause discomfort in many areas. Physiotherapy for sciatica is a proven way to manage and reduce this pain. With the right care, most people find relief and return to normal activities.

Common Symptoms of Sciatica

People with sciatica may notice several signs. These symptoms can range from mild to severe. However, not everyone will have all of them. Common symptoms include:

  • Pain in the lower back, buttock, or leg
  • Numbness or tingling in the leg or foot
  • Weakness in the affected leg
  • Pain that gets worse when sitting or standing
  • Sharp or burning sensations along the nerve path
  • Sometimes, the pain can make walking or moving difficult. But with proper treatment, symptoms often improve.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Many things can cause sciatica. Most often, it happens when a disc in your spine presses on the sciatic nerve. However, other causes include:

  • Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spine)
  • Injury or trauma to the lower back
  • Bone spurs (extra bone growth)
  • Muscle strain or swelling
  • Some people are more likely to get sciatica. For example, risk factors include:

  • Age over 30
  • Sitting for long periods
  • Heavy lifting or twisting
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes
  • Knowing these risks can help you take steps to prevent sciatica.

    How Sciatica is Diagnosed

    Doctors use several methods to diagnose sciatica. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they perform a physical exam. During this exam, you may be asked to walk or lift your leg. These tests help find the source of the pain. Sometimes, doctors order tests such as:

  • X-rays
  • MRI scans
  • CT scans
  • These images show if a disc or bone is pressing on the nerve. Early diagnosis helps you get the right treatment sooner.

    Role of Physiotherapy in Sciatica Management

    Physiotherapy for sciatica is a key part of treatment. It helps reduce pain and improve movement. In fact, physiotherapists use special exercises and techniques to target the cause of your pain. They also teach you how to move safely. As a result, you can avoid further injury and speed up healing. According to the World Health Organization, early movement and exercise are important for recovery.

    Effective Physiotherapy Treatments and Techniques

    There are many ways physiotherapists help with sciatica. Some of the most effective treatments include:

  • Stretching and strengthening exercises
  • Manual therapy (hands-on techniques)
  • Posture correction
  • Heat or cold therapy
  • Education on safe movement
  • For example, gentle stretches can ease nerve pressure. Strengthening exercises support your back and core. Over time, these treatments can lead to lasting pain relief.

    Home Exercises and Lifestyle Tips

    Along with professional care, home exercises can help manage sciatica. However, always check with your physiotherapist before starting new exercises. Some helpful tips include:

  • Practice gentle stretches for your back and legs
  • Walk daily, even for short distances
  • Avoid sitting for long periods
  • Use a firm mattress and supportive chair
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • With these steps, you can support your recovery and prevent future pain.

    Prevention Strategies

    Preventing sciatica is possible with a few simple habits. For instance, you can:

  • Lift objects with your legs, not your back
  • Take breaks from sitting or standing
  • Exercise regularly to keep your back strong
  • Maintain good posture at work and home
  • Stay at a healthy weight
  • By following these tips, you lower your risk of sciatica and other back problems.

    When to See a Physiotherapist

    If you have leg or back pain that lasts more than a few days, it is time to seek help. Especially if the pain is severe, or you notice numbness or weakness, do not wait. A physiotherapist can assess your condition and create a plan just for you. Early treatment often leads to better results and faster recovery.

    Consult a qualified physiotherapist for personalized sciatica management and treatment advice.